Calcium-Based Biomineralization: A Smart Approach for the Design of Novel Multifunctional Hybrid Materials

Biomineralization consists of a complex cascade phenomena generating hybrid nano-structured materials based on organic (e.g., polymer) and inorganic hydroxyapatite) components. is biomimetic process useful to produce highly biocompatible resembling natural hard tissues such as bones teeth. In detail, materials, composed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) nucleated an matrix, show extremely versatile chemical compositions physical properties, which can be controlled address specific challenges. Indeed, different parameters, including (i) the partial substitution mimetic doping ions within HA lattice, (ii) use matrices, (iii) choice cross-linking processes, finely tuned. present review, we mainly focused calcium biomineralization. Besides regenerative medicine, these multifunctional have been largely exploited for other applications 3D printable in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models cancer studies drug testing. Additionally, biomineralized nano-particles involved ranging from nanomedicine fully bioresorbable delivery systems development innovative eco-sustainable UV filters skin protection solar radiations.